The Effect of Nurses’ Knowledge of Pain Management on Post-Cardiac Surgery Patients' Recovery in Rivers State
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Background of the Study
Pain management is a critical component of post-cardiac surgery care, directly impacting patient recovery, comfort, and overall outcomes (World Health Organization [WHO], 2024). Cardiac surgeries, including coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and valve replacements, are associated with significant postoperative pain, which, if not adequately managed, can lead to complications such as impaired wound healing, increased stress responses, prolonged hospital stays, and poor rehabilitation outcomes (Ogunleye et al., 2024).
Nurses play a fundamental role in pain management by assessing pain levels, administering analgesics, implementing non-pharmacological interventions, and educating patients on coping strategies (Eze & Mohammed, 2024). However, studies have shown that gaps in nurses’ knowledge and attitudes toward pain management can result in inadequate pain control, negatively affecting patient recovery (Okafor et al., 2023). In Rivers State, where healthcare facilities often face challenges such as inadequate training resources and high patient loads, ensuring nurses possess sufficient knowledge in pain management is crucial for optimizing post-cardiac surgery recovery (Ajibade & Hassan, 2024).
Despite the recognized importance of effective pain management, there is limited research on the impact of nurses’ knowledge in this area on post-cardiac surgery recovery in Rivers State. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between nurses’ knowledge of pain management and recovery outcomes in post-cardiac surgery patients.
Statement of the Problem
Inadequate pain management following cardiac surgery remains a significant issue in Nigeria, contributing to complications such as delayed ambulation, increased hospital stays, and heightened risks of psychological distress (Bassey et al., 2024). Studies suggest that poor pain management is often linked to nurses’ insufficient knowledge, misconceptions about opioid use, and failure to implement multimodal pain relief strategies (Adebayo & Omoniyi, 2023).
In Rivers State, healthcare institutions face challenges related to inadequate staff training, limited access to pain management protocols, and high patient loads, which may contribute to suboptimal postoperative pain control (Ogunleye et al., 2023). This study seeks to determine the effect of nurses' knowledge of pain management on the recovery outcomes of post-cardiac surgery patients and identify areas for improvement in nursing education and clinical practice.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the level of knowledge of nurses on pain management for post-cardiac surgery patients in Rivers State.
- To examine the impact of nurses’ knowledge of pain management on the recovery outcomes of post-cardiac surgery patients.
- To identify challenges faced by nurses in implementing effective pain management strategies.
Research Questions
- What is the level of knowledge of nurses on pain management for post-cardiac surgery patients in Rivers State?
- How does nurses’ knowledge of pain management influence post-cardiac surgery patients' recovery outcomes?
- What challenges do nurses face in implementing effective pain management strategies?
Research Hypotheses
- Nurses with higher knowledge of pain management achieve better recovery outcomes in post-cardiac surgery patients.
- Limited knowledge of pain management among nurses negatively impacts patient recovery following cardiac surgery.
- Institutional challenges hinder nurses’ ability to implement effective pain management strategies.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will be conducted in selected hospitals in Rivers State, focusing on nurses working in cardiac care units and post-surgical wards. It will assess their knowledge of pain management and its impact on patient recovery. Limitations may include variations in institutional pain management protocols and patient-reported pain experiences, which may introduce subjective bias.
Definitions of Terms
- Pain Management: The use of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to control pain and enhance patient comfort.
- Post-Cardiac Surgery Recovery: The process by which patients regain physical, psychological, and functional well-being after undergoing cardiac surgery.
- Nurses’ Knowledge: The level of awareness, understanding, and competency of nurses regarding pain management principles and techniques.
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